ABSTRACT
The Internet of Things is the emanating modernist communication paradigm that has evolved to fasten itself with various technologies by providing real-time measurements and observations of the environment, physiological and psychological parameters, the physical world itself. It facilitates various applications to serve humankind. Artificial Intelligence is the vastly applied machine intelligence that can trigger and empower an IoT device. The learning methods of AI with respect to an IoT application result in a prodigious device. Among many colossal applications, the functional biomedical application is widely researched and has already been developed. Motivated by this amalgamation's come-out, this chapter focuses on IoT and its transformation of the biomedical industry by providing wearable technology, connected appliances/hospital machines, tracking biomedical performances, smart security systems, etc. Due to the body of the application, exploitation of private data, security breaching, power requirements, power consumption, and scalability are a few challenges that have been discussed. The outcome of this chapter is the pure integration of IoT and AI in biomedical systems. The structure of IoT and its union with AI along with the working model is discussed. Case studies and developments of IoT and AI in a biomedical application are highlighted. This chapter also provides the solution to many of the challenges listed above and throws light on implementing the solution as a possible research potential. The greatest challenge after World War II, i.e., COVID-19 pandemic and outstanding research that is currently serving many hospitals using AI as a tool for diagnosing and monitoring this global health crisis will be briefed. It can be interpreted after the global pandemic that AI and its blend with IoT-based approaches towards healthcare will change the world that it has been working and provide many logical solutions including remote health monitoring, disease prediction and diagnosis, and treatment. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
ABSTRACT
Background: We have witnessed a dramatic dip in adherence to cardiovascular health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from across the globe has shown that risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) such as decreased physical activity, poor diet, and increased depression, loneliness, and stress have peaked during the pandemic. Having been badly affected by the pandemic and having had prolonged periods of countrywide lockdown, the at-risk and established CVD population has faced a major challenge in adhering to a healthy lifestyle in India. Purpose(s): This study aimed to analyze the change in cardiovascular health behaviors brought about by a comprehensive lifestyle intervention program (CLIP) during the pandemic in India. Method(s): All at-risk and CVD patients who had participated in the CLIP from mid 2020 to mid 2022 and had completed the internally validated health behavior assessment questionnaire, pre and post-program, were included in this retrospective study. A multidisciplinary team consisting of Physician, Physiotherapist, Dietician, and Counseling Psychologist provided the sessions online and/or in-person for the home-based and hybrid programs respectively. When a combination of online and in-person sessions were provided for a subject, it was called a hybrid program. The core components of the CLIP were exercise training, education on relevant health topics, nutritional guidance and psychosocial counseling. Result(s): Age of the subjects (n=50) at enrolment was 54+/-13 years and 40 (80%) were male. The time between pre-program and post-program assessments was 110 (IQR 47) days. Number of at-risk and CVD patients attending home-based and hybrid programs are shown in the Figure. There were 4 couples in the study cohort;21 (50%) of the remaining 42 subjects had at least 1 other family member attend the majority of sessions. There was a significant improvement in all the cardiovascular health behaviors, namely adequate daily intake of fruits, vegetables and whole grains, choice of heart-healthy foods between meals, sufficient weekly exercise and a reduction in self-reported chronic stress, upon completion of the CLIP (Table). Conclusion(s): A comprehensive lifestyle intervention program that incorporates a multipronged approach to behavior modification is effective in improving cardiovascular health behaviors in individuals at-risk as well as with established cardiovascular disease in India. The ripple effect of behavior modification in the accompanying family members needs to be studied systematically.
ABSTRACT
English language teachers need to work and act to change efficaciously and call for current ways of teaching. Empowering teachers' professional knowledge helps them to understand contemporary educational practices and policies that are required for education. COVID-19 pandemic forcefully amended traditional learning environments to online teaching. The study investigates Information Communication Technology (ICT) as an alternative to traditional classrooms. The findings are significant that knowledge, interactions, and communities are pertinent and steered widely by innovations in portable computers and nominal price of information technology. Teaching methods may include classroom blogs, wikis, vlogs, glogster, podcasts, etc., transforming the personality of an individual connecting globally that are typically of the students' area of academics. The results suggest that understanding and acquiring English language become an active learning skill. It leads to progress, critical for a nation to build a skilled workforce, and also to help people improve their livelihoods as the country grows economically. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
ABSTRACT
English language teachers need to work and act to change efficaciously and call for current ways of teaching. Empowering teachers' professional knowledge helps them to understand contemporary educational practices and policies that are required for education. COVID-19 pandemic forcefully amended traditional learning environments to online teaching. The study investigates Information Communication Technology (ICT) as an alternative to traditional classrooms. The findings are significant that knowledge, interactions, and communities are pertinent and steered widely by innovations in portable computers and nominal price of information technology. Teaching methods may include classroom blogs, wikis, vlogs, glogster, podcasts, etc., transforming the personality of an individual connecting globally that are typically of the students' area of academics. The results suggest that understanding and acquiring English language become an active learning skill. It leads to progress, critical for a nation to build a skilled workforce, and also to help people improve their livelihoods as the country grows economically. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
ABSTRACT
The whole world faces an uncommon situation in its history due to the spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). First impacted its existence during December 2019 in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. However, the spread of the disease is marginally visible and resulting in an epidemic distribution across capital cities of India. As of June 15, 2020, in India, 368705 are the confirmed cases, and 12280 people have deceased their lives. Collecting the statistics of daily infections, deaths and recovery data and predicting epidemic trends of COVID-19 in India has the most significant importance for developing and measuring the impacts of public intervention strategies. Based on India and Tamil Nadu's initial 105 days of COVID-19 statistics of (one of its states), we built the logistic growth model and compared their accuracy with the R2 coefficient measure. Based on the lockdown periods and severe protection measures, a scenario-based analysis of four different SIR models predicts the confirmed cases. This proposed scenario-based analysis is helpful to pre-estimate the maximum infection rate and maximum peak day of infection with the total percentage of the population being infected by the COVID-19 outbreak in India. This analysis suggests that the severe control measures are working well in India, despite the exponential growth of the outbreak situation. © 2022 Author(s).